Tumor Response
tumor response
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TERMINOLOGY:

Name and description
Adjuvant therapy :
Treatment used in addition to main definitive treatment to reduce risks of cancer recurrence. It usually refers to hormone therapy, chemo, radiation therapy, or other treatments given after surgery to increase the chances of cure.
Alopecia:
Alopecia means hair loss. This may be an adverse effect to some, not all cancer treatments.
Anemia:
Result of having too few red blood cells or a low red blood cell count. This is commonly measured as hemoglobin.
Antibody :
Antibody also called immunoglobulin is somewhat Y shaped protein produced in the body which recognize a specific molecular target (called epitope) on germs and some unwanted cells. This immune recognition is a component of immune response against those targets.
Anti-emetic:
A drug or medication that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting.
Area under the curve (AUC):
Area under the curve (also called area under the concentration-time curve) reflects the total drug exposure to the body across time. It is dependant on the bioavailability, rate of elimination and dose of the drug administered. Mathematical formulas may be used to estimate AUC when several variables noted above are known.
Benign :
 Non-cancerous. A condition that is not malignant. A benign growth is a non-cancerous tumor which does not spread.
Blood count:
Refers to number or amount of blood cells. This is commonly measured as CBC or complete blood count which includes red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Bone marrow:
A tissue present inside certain bones where blood cells are produced.
Cancer :
 A general term to indicate abnormal growth of cells many times resulting in a lump or a mass which has the ability to invade and spread locally and to other parts of the body. Some cancers such as blood or bone marrow cancers may not result in measurable lump or mass and may manifest as increased cells in the blood and/or in the bone marrow.
CAR-T therapy:
Please see immunotherapy for details.
Cellular therapy:
Please see immunotherapy for details.
Chemotherapy :
Chemotherapy in general are the drugs (mostly cytotoxic) used to treat cancer. It is often abbreviated as chemo. Oxford dictionary defined chemotherapy as "The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs".
Chromosomes :
Thread-like strands that carry genetic information. They are found in the nucleus, or center part, of a cell. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one member of each pair from the mother, the other from the father. Each chromosome can contain hundreds or thousands of individual genes.
Clinical trials :
 Medical research studies done in patient volunteers. Each study is designed to answer scientific questions and find better ways to detect, prevent, or treat cancer and/or its side effects.
Combination chemotherapy:
The use of more than one chemo drug to treat cancer
Complementary and alternative medicine:
Ways of dealing with disease other than those used by doctors in standard medicine. This term covers a broad range of tested and untested methods, such as herbs/vitamins/minerals, mind/body/spirit, diet and nutrition, physical touch, and biological methods.
Confidence Interval:
Confidence Interval (CI) is used to measure the precision of statistical estimate. CI is a range of values that is likely to include the true value. Hence, if the confidence interval includes 1, then the hazard ratio is not significant. A commonly used CI is a 95% confidence interval which has a probability of containing the population mean 95% of the times.
Contralateral:
On the opposite side
Cytogenetic Response:
In chronic myeloid leukemia, response to treatment is assessed using several criteria with varying sensitivity to assess response. Cytogenetic response is to assess response based on percentage of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) cells (with conventional cytogenetics) or BCR-ABL1-positive cells (on FISH analysis). Various cytogenetic responses are: no response (>95 percent), minimal (66 - 95 percent), minor (36 - 65 percent), major (1 - 35 percent), and complete (0 %).
Disease-Free Survival:
Please see "relapse-free survival"
Disease specific survival (DSS):
Disease specific survival is the percentage of people who have not died from the specified disease in a defined period of time.
Event-free survival:
Event-free survival (EFS) is the length of survival after definitive cancer treatment to disease progression, death, or discontinuation of treatment for any reason or initiation of a new treatment without documented progression. EFS is not commonly used and similar to progression free survival.
Fatigue:
The feeling of being tired physically, mentally, and/or emotionally.
Growth factors:
 Growth factors (also known as colony-stimulating factors) are substances that stimulate the production of blood cells in the bone marrow. They may help prevent or recover from low blood counts as a result of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Hazard Ratio (HR):
Hazard ratio (HR), a type of relative risk, a measure of an effect of an intervention on an outcome/event over time. Hazard represents the probability of an event such as relapse after the intervention. Many survival analysis are reported as Hazard ratio. HR is the ratio of chance of an event occurring (hazard rate) in the treatment group ÷ chance of an event occurring (hazard rate) in the control group. Hence, HR of 1 indicates that the event rates are same in both treatment and control groups. HR less than one indicates less patients in the treatment group are experiencing an event compared to the control group. A hazard ratio of 0.70 may mean that the study drug provides 30% risk reduction compared to the control treatment. Similarly, 0.50 may indicate 50% reduction. HR greater than 1 indicates more patients in the treatment experienced an event compared to control arm.
Hormonal Therapy:
Use of medications which work by increasing or decreasing hormonal functions. Several hormones make some cancer cells multiply and grow. In cancer treatment, hormonal therapy usually imply methods to reduce hormones or their function.
Hormone:
A hormone is a chemical or a molecule which are produced in endocrine glands. These are released into blood and influence or control functions of other body organs and tissues.
Hormones:
Natural substances released by an organ that can influence the function of other organs in the body and the growth of some types of cancer
Immunotherapy :
Immunotherapy or immune therapy is a category of treatment where drugs or cellular therapy is used to harness, augment, enable, modulate or add additional capabilities to body’s natural immune functions to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. Cellular therapy is the use of externally stimulated, multiplied, augmented and/or genetically modified cells (mostly immune cells) rather than chemicals or drugs to achieve therapeutic objectives. CAR-T cell therapy where T-cells (immune cells) are genetically modified to express a special receptor called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a type of cellular therapy.
Infusion:
Slow and/or prolonged intravenous (IV) delivery of a drug or fluids
Injection:
Using a syringe and needle to push fluids or drugs into the body; often called a shot
Intramuscular:
Inside a muscle. Usually refers to a medication administered into a muscle.
Intrathecal:
Into the spinal fluid (also called cerebrospinal fluid or CSF)
Intravenous (IV):
Inside a vein. Usually refers to a medication administered inside a blood vessel (vein).
in vitro:
A process (usually a biological process) occurring or happening outside of a living organism, such as in test tubes or tissue cultures etc.
in vivo:
A process (usually a biological process) occurring or happening in a living organism.
Ipsilateral:
On the same side
Major Response:
Commonly indicate responses that include complete response (CR) as well as partial responses (PR). Some cancer response assessments include responses such as pathologic complete response (pCR), unconfirmed CR, very good partial responses (VGPR) etc. which may be included under 'major response'. Stable disease (SD) is usually not included.
Malignant :
 In cancer medicine or oncology, malignant or cancerous indicate unwanted excessive multiplication of cells which have the ability to invade and spread. Cancer is the result of malignant cells which multiply uncontrollably.
Median not reached (PFS, statistics):
Median is reached when 50% of patients have experienced an event. Median not reached means 50% of patients have not experienced a defined event in that group.
Metastasis :
The spread of cancer or malignant cells to other areas of the body, often through the lymph system or bloodstream
Molecular Response:
In chronic myeloid leukemia, response to treatment is assessed using several criteria with varying sensitivity to assess response.

Molecular response (MR) is used to assess response based on level of detection of BCR-ABL1 transcripts in sensitive quantitative PCR test. BCR-ABL1 transcripts are commonly reported using International Scale (IS) (ratio of BCR-ABL1 transcripts to ABL1 transcripts) on a log scale.

Early Molecular Response (EMR): BCR-ABL1 transcripts (IS) ≤ 10% at 3 and 6 months.

Major Molecular Response (MMR): BCR-ABL1 transcripts (IS) ≤ 0.1% or ≥ 3 log reduction in BCR-ABL1 mRNA if IS is not available.

Complete Molecular Response (EMR): Depending on the level of detection and sensitivity of PCR assay, various types of complete molecular responses are defined.

Below noted are from UpToDate (accessed: July 16, 2019):

"* MR2 – Detectable disease at a level of ≤1 percent on the IS (≥2 log reduction from the standardized baseline). This level of response roughly corresponds to a 'complete cytogenetic response.'
* MR3 – Detectable disease at a level of ≤0.1 percent on the IS (≥3 log reduction from the standardized baseline). This level of response has been termed a 'major molecular response.'
* MR4 – Either detectable disease at a level of ≤0.01 percent on the IS (≥4 log reduction) or undetectable disease in cDNA with ≥10,000 ABL1 transcripts. This level of response requires that the assay being used is sensitive enough to detect a single abnormal transcript amongst 10,000 normal ABL1 transcripts.
* MR4.5 – Either detectable disease at a level of ≤0.0032 percent on the IS (≥4.4 log reduction) or undetectable disease in cDNA with ≥32,000 ABL1 transcripts. This level of response requires that the assay being used is sensitive enough to detect a single abnormal transcript amongst 32,000 normal ABL1 transcripts."
Monoclonal antibodies:
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies which are produced by the same clone of cells that targets specific molecular target (called epitope). Monoclonal antibodies can be engineered and designed against a specific molecular target and commercially produced for treatment of diseases including cancers. These fall under targeted therapy category along with other types of targeted therapy.
Neoadjuvant therapy :
Treatment, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or radiation therapy, given before the main treatment is done
Objective Response rate:
Is the response to a treatment as measured by the tumor measurements or other measurable parameters.
Odds Ratio:
Odds ratio (OR) is the ratio of odds of an outcome in the presence and in the absence of intervention. Odds of an outcome is the ratio of the probability that the outcome happening / probability of the outcome not happening. OR indicates strength of association (not necessarily causation) between outcome and intervention. Odds ratio (OR) of 1 indicate no effect on the odds of outcome, >1 indicates higher odds and <1 indicates lower odds of the outcome with the intervention.
Oncologist :
 A doctor or a physician with special training in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Orally (PO):
Taken by mouth
Peripheral neuropathy:
 Damage to the nerves that usually starts in the hands and/or feet. Symptoms of neuropathy include numbness, tingling, burning, and/or weakness etc. There are several causes of neuropathy including treatment side effects.
Placebo:
Placebo is a substance or treatment that is considered safe with no therapeutic effect. placebo effect is the benefit attributable to the psychological or idea of taking a treatment and not due to real therapeutic effect of the treatment. Placebo is sometimes used as a control while testing new drugs which may help assess and control for placebo effect and make data more meaningful.
Platelets :
A type of blood cells that usually serve as the first responders when there is a damage to the lining of blood vessels. They help blood clot and stop bleeding.
Platinum sensitivity:
Platinum sensitivity is helpful in the management of tumors sensitive to platinim compounds. The following terms are commonly used in the management of ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer.

1. Platinum-sensitive (platinum-free interval of six or more months)
2. Platinum-resistant (platinum-free interval of less than six months)
3. Platinum-refractory (disease progression while on platinum based therapy).
Port:
Also called a mediport is a devise that is inserted usually under the skin to connect to central veins (a type of central venous catheter or CVC). The port can be accessed through the skin with a special needle and provides easy and reliable access to central veins to facilitate administration of medications safely. It can also be used to draw blood, administer fluids or blood products.
Progression free survival (PFS) :
The length of time during and after the treatment for a disease, such as cancer, that a person lives without disease getting any worse than before (without progression). Progression-free survival is one way to assess effect of new treatment on the disease condition. PFS is defined as the time until objective tumor progression or death.
p-value:
p-value is a statistical probability value. p-value indicates the probability of differences between two groups to be a random and/or unrelated. Smaller the value, less likely the difference to be a random occurance. Generally P < 0.05 (< 5% chance of being wrong) is considered minimal threshold to consider statistically significant and P < 0.001 as statistically highly significant. In statistics, null hypothesis is a default starting hypothesis which states there is no difference between the groups to be compared and any difference is due to some form of error. To show a meaningful difference between the groups, statistical tests/ analysis must prove that null hypotheses is worng. p-value indicates the chances that null hypothesis is true. p-value of <0.05 indicates less than 5% chances that null hypothesis is true (less than 5% chances that there is no difference between the groups).
Radiation therapy :
The use of high-energy rays or subatomic particles to treat disease.
Radiographic Progression Free Survival (rPFS):
Usually indicate time from randomization to evidence of radiographic disease progression or death.
Red blood cells:
Red blood cells or RBCs are a type of blood cells which are commonly measured as hemoglobin. These cells carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver to tissues throughout the body. Anemia is a condition of low red blood cells.
Relapse-free survival:
Relapse-free survival also known as disease-Free Survival is the length of survival after definitive cancer treatment without any evidence of cancer relapse (or recurrence).
Relative risk (RR):
Relative risk (RR), also called Risk Ratio is the ratio of probability of an outcome in one group divided by the probability of the same event in the control group. This is not same as Hazard ratio (HR). However, this is used in a similar sense. Choice of HR or RR as a measure is decided by statistitians depending on the contexts of the research data. RR of 1 indicate no difference between the groups. RR of less than one indicate lesser probability of the outcome than the control group. Similarly RR of greater than one indicate greater probability than the control group.
Remission:
The partial or complete disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease
Residual cancer burden (RCB):
Residual cancer burden is a measure of pathologic response to assess effectiveness of pre-surgical therapy. Factors used in calculating RCB include pathologic size and cellularity of primary tumor as well as number and size of lymph node metastases. Depending on the amount of residual disease, RCB is categorized 0 (no residual disease or pathologic complete response) or RCB I, II or III (extensive residual disease).
Stomatitis:
Sores on the lining of the mouth
Surgery:
Surgery is a medical treatment which involves use of anesthesia and cutting open body parts. In cancer treatment surgery is done to remove cancerous growth with an effort when possible to remove all the known cancer growths with good negative margins.
Targeted therapy:
Targeted therapy is a broad category which indicate use of drugs that work by targeting specific molecular targets. These molecular targets could be inside or outside of the cells including non cellular molecules of the body.
Time to Progression (TTP):
Time to progression (TTP) is defined as the time until objective tumor progression. TTP does not include deaths. TTP does not count patients who die from other causes but is otherwise a close equivalent to PFS
Topical :
Usually refers to a medication which is applied on the surface of the skin.
Tumor :
 An abnormal growth (lump or mass) of cells or tissues. Tumors are either benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
White blood cells (WBCs):
The blood cells that fight infection
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ABBREVIATIONS:

Abbreviation and Description
5FU:
5-fluorouracil or fluorouracil is an injectable chemotherapy agent.
ADT:
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
ALK:
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
ALL:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
AML:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
disease
AR:
Androgen Receptor
ASCT:
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
AUC:
Area Under the concentration-time Curve (pharmacokinetics)
AUC:
Area Under the Curve (area under the plasma drug concentration time curve) represent total drug exposure across time. AUC is also used to indicate target drug concentration (Ex: carboplatin) to be achieved in the body which can be calculated.
BSC:
Best Supportive Care.
CBR:
Clinical Benefit Rate. Used similar to DCR (disease control rate) to indicate responses to treatment including complete response AND partial response AND stable disease.
CCyR:
Complete Cytogenetic Response. Used in CML to indicate reduction of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) cells to 0 percent.
CHF:
Congestive Heart Failure
CHOP:
Abbreviation for chemotherapy regimen: Cyclophosphamide+Adriamycin+Vincristine+Prednisone
Drg regimen
CHR:
Complete Hematologic Response. Used to assess response in hematologic malignancies.

In CML, used to indicate normalization of blood counts and no abnormal immature cells seen in blood.
CI:
Confidence interval (to measure the precision of statistical estimate)
CLL:
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
CML:
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
disease
CNS:
Central Nervous System
CPS:
Combined Positive Score, a PD-L1 scoring method.
CR:
Complete Response
CR1:
1st Complete Response
CR2:
Complete Response after treatment for relapse
CRC:
Colorectal cancer
disease
CRh:
Complete response with partial hematologic recovery (definitions may vary)
CRi:
Complete Remission with incomplete marrow recovery (definitions may vary)
CRPC:
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
CRR:
Complete Response Rate
CRu:
CR (complete response) unconfirmed
Cmax:
Maximum (or peak) serum concentration of a drug after the drug has been administered.
Ctrough:
Trough (or lowest) serum concentration of a drug before the next dose is administered
DCR:
Disease Control Rate. Used similar to CBR (clinical Benefit rate) to indicate responses to treatment including complete response AND partial response AND stable disease.
DFS:
Disease Free Survival (Survival without any evidence of cancer recurrence)
DFS:
Disease free survival (also known as relapse-free survival)
DLBCL:
Diffuse Large B Cell lymphoma
disease
DoR:
Duration of Response
DSS:
Disease specific survival
EFS:
Event Free Survival
EGFR:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
ER:
Estrogen Receptor
FACT score:
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. These are questionnaire used to assess patient reported quality of life in patients undergoing cancer therapy. FACT-G ((FACT-General) can be used to assess patients of any tumor type. There are several different sets of questionatres designed to assess quality of life for specific cancers, specific treatment etc. FACT questionnaires generally use 5 point patient scale ranging from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much).
FGFR:
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor
FGFR1:
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1
FIGO:
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
FIGO staging:
FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) cancer staging is commonly used in gynecological malignancies.
FL:
Follicular Lymphoma
FOLFIRI:
Abbreviation used to indicate chemotherapy regimen incorporating 5FU with leucovorin (folinic acid) with irinotecan. FOL (folinic acid or leucovorin)+F (fluorouracil or 5-FU)+ IRI (irinotecan).
FOLFOX:
Abbreviation used to indicate chemotherapy regimen incorporating 5FU with leucovorin (folinic acid) with oxaliplatin. FOL (folinic acid or leucovorin)+F (fluorouracil or 5-FU)+ OX (oxaliplatin).
G-CSF:
granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
HER-2:
Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2
HPF:
High Power Field (usually 40x magnification in microscope)
HR:
Hazard Ratio (Statistical method)
HR:
Hormone Receptor
HRD:
Homologous Recombination Deficiency. Homologous recombination is a process involved in repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and during cell division. Multiple gene mutations including BRCA1 and BRCA2 etc. may result in HRD.
iDFS:
Invasive Disease Free Survival. Similar to DFS. Useful when the cancer included invasive and non-invasive types (Ex. Breast cancer).
IGVH:
IGVH of IgVH. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region.
IHC:
Immuno-Histo-Chemistry. Immunohistochemistry is a method of staining pathoogy specimen for detection of molecular markers based on antibody binding.
IM:
Intramuscular injection
INI1:
INI1 (INtegrase Interactor 1) also known as SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF related matrix‐associated actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1) is a part of an essential chromatin remodeling complex involved in multiple pathways that affect DNA structure and function. Gene encoding for INI1 is considered a tumor supressor gene.
IQR:
InterQuartile Range (statistics)
IRC:
Independent Review Committee
IV:
Intravenous (route of administration of a drug)
KIT:
KIT (also called CD117, Stem Cell Factor Receptor) is a surface protein receptor tyrosine kinase which mediate actions of stem cell factor (SCF).
KRAS:
KRAS is a growth promoting protein enzyme (GTPase) that belongs to Ras superfamily of proteins. Name originated from: Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus.
LRC:
Local regional control (locoregional control)
LVEF:
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
MaHR:
Major Hematologic Response. Used in CML to indicate normalization of blood counts.
MCyR:
Major Cytogenetic Response. Used in CML to indicate reduction of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) cells to 1 to 35 percent.
MDS:
Myelodysplastic syndromes
disease
MFS:
Metastasis Free Survival. A duration from treatment or randomization to first evidence of metastasis or death.
MMR:
Mismatch Repair (gene)
MMR:
Major Molecular Response (see "Molecular Response" under Terminology link)
MPN:
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Also refered to as myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) are a group of bone marrow malignant disorders including chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and other conditions.
disease
MRD:
Minimal Residual Disease
mRECIST:
mRECIST is modified RECIST developed for the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
MRI:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MSI:
Microsatellite Instability
muts/Mb:
Mutations per megabase (of DNA)
MZL:
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
disease
NCCN:
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
NED:
No Evidence of Diseae
NHL:
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
NI:
Non-inferiority or Non-inferior. It is generally used to indicate that the treatment studied is statistically NOT inferior to comparator treatment.
NI:
Not-inferior/ Non - inferiority
NOS:
Not Otherwise Specified
NS:
Statistically NOT significant
NSAI:
Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (Ex: letrozole or anastrozole)
NSCLC:
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
disease
ORR:
Objective response rate
OS:
Overall Survival
pCR:
Pathologic Complete Response
PD1:
Programmed cell death protein 1 (surface protein receptor) involved in immune response.
PDGFRA:
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA or PDGFRα) is a cell surface receptor which binds to and mediate actions of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs).
PD-L1:
Programmed death ligand-1, a protein that binds to PD1 receptor.
PET:
Positron Emission Tomography (scan)
PFS:
Progression Free Survival
Ph+:
Philadelphia chromosome positive. Philadelphia chromosome is abnormal chromosome 22 in which part of chromosome 9 (containing ABL1 gene) is transferred to chromosome 22 (containing BCR gene) resulting in fusion gene called BCR-ABL1.
PI:
Probability interval
PR (PRR):
Partial response (Partial Response Rate)
PSA:
Prostate-specific antigen
PSMA:
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (a transmembrane protein that is expressed in prostate cancer)
p-value:
Statistical probability value (see more info under "Terms and Meaning" link
q:
Every
q14d:
Every 14 days
q2wk:
Every 2 weeks
q3wk:
Every 3 weeks
q.d:
Every day
q.o.d:
Every other day
QOL:
Quality of Life
q.wk / qw:
Once per week
R0 (resection):
R0 refers to complete surgical resection or removal of the tumor without clinical, gross or microscopic evidence of disease/tumor.
R1 (resection):
R1 refers to surgical resection with microscopic residual disease/tumor.
R2 (resection):
R2 refers to surgical resection with macroscopic or obvious residual disease/tumor.
RAI:
Radioactive Iodine. Used in the treatment of some thyroid cancers.
RBC:
Red Blood Cell
RCB:
Residual Cancer Burden (a measure of residual cancer at surgery after pre-surgical treatment)
RCT /RCTs:
Randomized Controlled Trial / Randomized Controlled Trials
RECIST:
Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) is a set of criteria to assess response of treatment developed and published in 2000.
RECIST 1.1:
Is the revised RECIST guielines updated in 2009 to assess response
RET gene:
Rearranged during Transfection (RET) gene
RFS:
Relapse (recurrence) Free Survival (also known as disease-free survival)
rPFS:
Radiographic Progression Free Survival
RR:
Relative Risk (Statistical method)
RS:
May indicate Recurrence Score (RS) based on on Oncotype Dx test result.
SCLC:
Small Cell Lung Cancer
disease
sCR:
Stringent Complete Response.
In multiple myeloma: "In addition to complete response criteria, these patients have a normal free light chain (FLC) ratio and have no clonal cells by bone marrow immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The latter is achieved if there is a kappa/lambda ratio of ≤4:1 or ≥1:2 after examination of a minimum of 100 plasma cells."(Reference: UpToDate).
SD:
Stable Disease. The disease that has remained stable without progression.
SQ:
Subcutaneous injection
TKI:
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). TKIs are drugs that work by inhibiting various tyrosine kinase enzymes.
TTF:
Time-to-treatment failure (TTF) is variably defined. It may be used to indicate an interval from initiation of treatment to its premature discontinuation. The treatment may be defined as first or subsequent treatment. Discontinuation could be due to several reasons including toxicity or death.
TTP:
Time to progression. May also be used to indicate a disease condition thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
TTR:
Time to response
VEGF:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VGPR:
Very Good Partial Response. Commonly used to assess response in multiple myeloma.

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